What to know

Coded language consists of seemingly neutral terms that individuals use to negatively describe identity (often racial or ethnic identity) and thus maintain oppressive power structures. These terms are ambiguous and so embedded in the general public’s vocabulary that they are often seen as normal and harmless. Phrases like “inner city” and “illegal immigrant” are often code for Black and Latino people, for instance. Terms like “massage parlor” and “liquor store/Food and Liquor,” may seem to simply be names of certain structures or businesses but are often used in coded ways to denigrate certain populations — for massage parlors, anti-Asian sentiment, and for liquor stores, anti-Black sentiment. It may be useful to include the histories of such institutions, as well as the hidden meanings of other coded language, to ensure these terms are being used only when appropriate and with sufficient context and explanation.

Additional resources

• Coded Language (EdJustice)
• The sneaky language today’s politicians use to get away with racism and sexism (Vox) 
• Coded Language (University of Central Arkansas) 
• Every Day, Massage Parlor Workers Face Violence (The Cut)

Summary

Coded language consists of seemingly neutral terms that actually describe identity (often racial or ethnic identity) and carry negative connotations. It may be useful to include the histories of terms such as “massage parlor” and “inner city,” which are often used in coded ways, as well as the hidden meanings of other coded language, to ensure these terms are being used only when appropriate and with sufficient context and explanation.

Related terms

• inner city
• implicit bias
• urban
• ableism/ableist language