critical race theory
Last updatedWhat to know
Critical race theory (CRT) argues that racism is an intrinsic part of US systems and institutions, and that people are either oppressed or have privilege based on their race. The theory, created in the 1970s and 1980s by legal scholars including Derrick Bell, Kimberlé Crenshaw, and Richard Delgado, has influenced the definition of race as a social construct.
CRT was largely an academic subject until around August 2019, when the New York Times published the 1619 Project, a popular though controversial recentering of US history on the consequences of slavery. The renewed scrutiny of CRT led to backlash among some conservative and right-leaning people and organizations, leading to misuse of the term to describe any teachings about racism or critical examination of US history. In response, several states passed legislation banning CRT education or limiting discussion of racism in schools.
An explanation of what critical race theory actually is and how the term may be misused or weaponized in certain cases for political gain is important for clarity. (For instance: Critical race theory argues that race is a social construct and that racism is embedded in American institutions and systems. Opponents of critical race theory claim it assumes or accuses all white people of being racist.)
Additional resources
- What the hysteria over critical race theory is really all about (Vox)
- EXPLAINER: So much buzz, but what is critical race theory? (AP News)
- What critical race theory is – and isn’t (CNN)
- A Lesson on Critical Race Theory (American Bar Association)
- What is critical race theory, and why is it under attack? (Education Week)
Summary
Critical race theory (CRT) argues that racism is an intrinsic part of US systems and institutions, and that people are either oppressed or have privilege based on their race. The term has been misused by some groups and organizations to describe any teachings about racism or critical examination of US history. An explanation of what critical race theory actually is and how the term may be misused or weaponized in certain cases for political gain is important for clarity.